subz:-internal and external influences

topic :-2
objective
This chapter will indroduce students to the factors that influence the hositality industry.It will examine internal influences such as culture as well as external influencs in theform of PEST factors..
 LEARNING OUTCOMES:-
after studying this chapter, students should be able to :
Explain how culture influences the hospitality industry
Disuss how hotels are treated differently, legislatively and administratively
Discuss external influences on the hospitality industry.

HOTEL - A CULTURALLY BOUND PHENOMENON
Different cultures view hospitality in different ways, and this is reflected in the way hotels operate. Culture influences the management of the hotel, the way that staff behaves and serveguests and the products offered by the hotel.Customs that govern hospitality provision and the ways that hospitality providers operate have an in-built set of assumptions.

For example, in the case of hotels, lovations are often chosen carefully to appeal to certain types of user; establishmens offer particular combinations of meal and drink services to accompany a range of private and public accommoation facilities; hotel customers and staff operate to given social codes(e.g. certain behaviours are considered acceptable while others are discouraged).
Different cultures and groups view hospitality un various ways and have a range of commercial accommodationestablishments. IN some cultures the personal contact between hosts and guests experienced in guest houses are welcomed, while other cultures might see this type of close contact as intimidating. Essentially the same hotel products and services will be offered by a variety of hospitality establishments, though each establishment will be different.

Legislation and adminisistation
commercial accommodation establishments can be treated differently both legislatively and administratively.For example, the methods by which registration, licensing, classification and grading of commercial accommodation establishments are carried out vary from country to country. Some countries demand compulsory registration or licensing of all commercial accommodation establishments. Each country can implement its own grading system. This makes it especially difficult to compare and categorise hotels internationally.
External Iinfluences
External influences refer to factors that affect the organisation,but are not under the organisation's control. This is generally referred to as the PEST factors.Many of these factors influence the dynamics of tourism, and in turn the hospitality industry is affected.

Political Factors

• Environmental regulations and protection,
• international trade regulations and restrictions,
• Consumer protection,
• Government organisation/attitude,
• Competition regulations,
• Travel/visa entry requirements for international markets
• Tax policies,
• Contract enforcement law,
• Employment laws,
• Political stability,
• Safety regulations

Economic factors

• Economic growth,]
• Interest rates and monetary policies,
• Taxation,
• Inflation rates,
• Economic attractive of destination for leisure and business purposes.
• Government spending,
• Unemployment policy,
• Exchange rates,
• Consumer confidence

Social Factors

• income distribution,
• lifestyle changes,
• Work/career and leisure attitudes,
• Education,health consciousness,
• Demographics (population growth rates, age distribution),
• Labour/ social mobility,
• Living conditions,
• Social customs and habits

Technological factors

• Public transport infrastructure, Rate of technology transfer,
• International transport facilities such as airports/seaports
• Changes in IT/Internet/Mobile technology,
• Levels of car ownership,
• New inventions and developments